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Journey · Physics

Why do we slip on ice?

From force to friction: the physics inside a single step

Steps
4
Total time
1 h 6 min
Simulations
7
The shiny ice surface of a frozen lake, with slide marks across it
Walking is really a little shoving match with the ground, and you win it.

Photo: Bruce Christianson / Unsplash

Why is this question interesting?

You're walking along the pavement with ease, and the moment you step onto an icy patch your legs go out of control. Same shoes, same step, same weight. The only thing that changes is the invisible grip between your foot and the ground. The reason we can walk and the reason we fall are one and the same force: friction.

On this journey you'll first see what a force is and how it is measured. Then you'll test why nothing moves when two forces balance each other, and what changes when the balance is broken. In the friction simulation you'll push the same box across different surfaces and measure for yourself why ice is so slippery.

In the last step, speed comes into play: how far does a sliding object travel, and how long does it take to stop? By the end, you'll know enough physics to explain why you take smaller steps on an icy slope next winter.

Steps

We suggest going in order; each step builds on the one before. You can try every lesson’s simulation without an account.

  1. Step 115 min

    Force and the spring balance

    Before talking about slipping, learn how to measure what it means to push or pull something.

    • Number line
    • Mini quiz
  2. Step 218 min

    Balanced and unbalanced forces

    When you stand still, there are forces acting on you, but you don't move. This is where the secret of balance lies.

    • Number line
    • Projectile motion
    • Mini quiz
  3. Step 315 min

    Friction

    The real question: the same box stays put on a carpet but slides on ice. Test for yourself the friction that makes the difference.

    • Sorting
    • Friction and force
    • Mini quiz
  4. Step 418 min

    Speed: distance and time

    Learn to calculate how fast a sliding object is going and how far it travels.

    • Number line
    • Pendulum
    • Mini quiz

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