Skip to content

Journey · Art

How does a picture gain depth?

From vanishing points to Seljuk stars: the geometry of art

Steps
4
Total time
1 h 9 min
Simulations
7
On a flat surface, depth begins where a few straight lines meet in just the right place.

Why is this question interesting?

A canvas or a wall is completely flat. Yet when we look at a Renaissance painting we see a road stretching away for kilometres, and when we look at a medieval Seljuk dome we see stars turning endlessly. Painters and master craftsmen didn't create this effect at random; they used the rules of geometry.

On this journey you'll first learn linear perspective: why do parallel lines seem to meet in the distance, and what are the vanishing point and the horizon line? Then you'll move on to the geometric patterns of Anatolia and discover how many turns it takes for a star to look the same again, and how colours change symmetry.

The last two steps are about ratios: first you'll firm up what a ratio is, then you'll examine the most famous and most exaggerated ratio of all, the golden ratio. The final stop on this journey is telling, by measuring, which claims are true and which are myths.

Steps

We suggest going in order; each step builds on the one before. You can try every lesson’s simulation without an account.

  1. Step 118 min

    Perspective and the vanishing point

    Understand why railway tracks seem to meet in the distance, and find the vanishing point of a drawing yourself.

    • Perspective and symmetry
    • Mini quiz
  2. Step 218 min

    Symmetry and pattern: the geometry of Seljuk stars

    Seljuk stars are built with a compass and straightedge. Rotate a pattern and count its symmetries.

    • Perspective and symmetry
    • Mini quiz
  3. Step 315 min

    What is a ratio?

    Before moving on to the golden ratio, firm up how a ratio compares two quantities.

    • Number line
    • Mini quiz
  4. Step 418 min

    The golden ratio: myth and fact

    Is 1.618 everywhere? Measure to separate the real connections from the myths.

    • Number line
    • Mini quiz

Another question

All journeys